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The influence of the dominant trees and grain substrate the composition of the microbial community studied by PLFA
Stachová, Sandra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Heděnec, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to analyze soil microbial communities of three ecologically different locations, about 25 years old, forestry reclaimed dumps in the Republic of Poland, namely dumps of brown coal mine Bełchatów and sand mines Piaseczno and Szczakowa. I evaluated the degree of dependence of structure and composition of these communities on various substrate grain sizes and the influence of the dominant tree species. These were stands of birch (Betula pendula), pine (Pinus silvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soil microbial communities was made by evaluating specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of microorganisms. It is the most appropriate way to implement the relatively rapid analysis of large numbers of samples, since PLFA are easily extractable and act as biomarkers indicating the presence of a number of different microorganisms (fungi, G- and G + bacteria, Actinobacteria, etc.) and thus allowing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of whole microbial communities. PLFA analysis enables to detect a total concentration of PLFA only in living soil microbial biomass. I analyzed 66 soil samples, 33 from an Oe layer and 33 from an A layer, every in three replications, i.e. three replications were collected at each location below each tree...
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Biodegradation of new types of lightweight polyurethanes in different environmentally-relevant microcosms
Hušek, Pavel ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Presented diploma thesis focuses on a new type of lightweight polyurethane foam (PUR), which has been manufactured with the intention of it being biodegradable within currently valid norms on biodegradation of plastic materials. The future use of said polyurethane foam is as carrier for odor repellent to avoid wildlife-vehicle collisions in agriculture landscape, where, after the end of its lifespan it could be left to biodegrade in soil the environment. The examined material, PUR BIO-10, was tested for biodegradability in laboratory microcosms according to standardized method ASTM D5988-03. Biodegradability was tested in two separate soil types - forest soil and agricultural soil, which have been selected with the future use of the material in mind. According to the method biodegradability was measured as mineralization of the material by capturing evolved carbon dioxide. Two trials with different treatments were executed. In the first trial the material was introduced directly into the soil and in the second trial the material was tested in a litterbag to avoid soil contamination which was problematic for further analysis. During the first trial, after 90 days, the mineralization of polyurethane foam was 10.65 ± 2.54 % in the forest soil and 20.48 ± 9.18 % in the agricultural soil. During the...
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Biodegradation of new types of lightweight polyurethanes in different environmentally-relevant microcosms
Hušek, Pavel ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
Presented diploma thesis focuses on a new type of lightweight polyurethane foam (PUR), which has been manufactured with the intention of it being biodegradable within currently valid norms on biodegradation of plastic materials. The future use of said polyurethane foam is as carrier for odor repellent to avoid wildlife-vehicle collisions in agriculture landscape, where, after the end of its lifespan it could be left to biodegrade in soil the environment. The examined material, PUR BIO-10, was tested for biodegradability in laboratory microcosms according to standardized method ASTM D5988-03. Biodegradability was tested in two separate soil types - forest soil and agricultural soil, which have been selected with the future use of the material in mind. According to the method biodegradability was measured as mineralization of the material by capturing evolved carbon dioxide. During the first trial the mineralization of polyurethane foam was 10.65 ± 2.54 % in the forest soil and 20.48 ± 9.18 % in the agricultural soil. During the second trial the mineralization was 3.88 ± 3.42 % in the forest soil and 8.96 ± 1.79 % in the agricultural soil. In the second trial the difference between the soils was statistically significant. After the end of the biodegradation experiments the tested material was...
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Utilization of phospholipid fatty acids analysis for biodrying study
Stránská, Štěpánka ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
The aim of this thesis is the utilization of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis to determine groups of microorganisms present during the biodrying of sewage sludge and their description in relation to the temperature regime of the biodrying. Four experimental cycles A, B, C, D were followed. Cycles A, B and C, D differred from each other in the sewage sludge collected from two waste water treatment plants. The cycles A, B, C and D were each performed in two reactors with different aeration regimes to compare the mesophilic (max. temperature ±50 řC) and thermophilic (max. temperature ±70 řC) regimes of biodrying. PLFA analysis was used to determine the microbial groups. Concentrations of individual PLFA were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). The total PLFA concentration corresponding to total microbial biomass was decreasing during both temperature regimes of cycles B, C, D, while the total PLFA concentration increased towards the end of both temperature regimes of cycle A. The total PLFA concentration reached statistically higher values at the end of the mesophilic regime of cycles B, C and D. The development of fungi to bacteria ratio showed that fungi applied more with the progression of both temperature regimes of cycles A, B and the thermophilic regime of cycle C. Based on...
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Various aspects of soil microbial ecology as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis.
KOTAS, Petr
The PLFA profiling method was adopted and used to determine changes in microbial community structure and abundance along natural and human-induced environmental gradients. The presented studies were based on field sampling campaigns combined with targeted laboratory experiments. According to the aims of particular studies, microbial PLFA fingerprinting was combined with the auxiliary below- and aboveground ecosystem characteristics to identify the drivers of microbial responses to environmental changes or with 13C-labelling and metagenomics to obtain more complex information about running processes and involved microorganisms.
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New sampling approaches for evaluation of real remediation studies
Kroupová, Kristýna ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
This diploma thesis has been carried out as a part of the project Utilization of long term (passive) sampling methods combined with in situ microcosms for assessment of (bio)degradation potential (PASSES). In the frame of the project groundwater remediation took place in the premises of Farmak a.s. in Olomouc using a pilot photooxidation unit and efficiency of the remediation was monitored through passive and active sampling methods. Pilot photooxidation unit is a technology based on the H2O2/UV-C photochemical oxidation of organic pollutants. In this work optimization tests of the pilot photooxidation unit were performed. The residence time of the groundwater in the photoreactors, required for its sufficient decontamination from pharmaceuticals and aromatic hydrocarbons, was 2.5 hours. 91% degradation of the pharmaceuticals and 80% degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons were reached during this interval. Although the removal efficiency of the pharmaceuticals by the photooxidation unit was high, the pilot photooxidation unit was not able to effectively remove the pharmaceuticals at the studied locality. By comparing the results of the pharmaceuticals from active and passive groundwater sampling during the remediation attempt, passive Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) was found to be...
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The influence of the dominant trees and grain substrate the composition of the microbial community studied by PLFA
Stachová, Sandra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Heděnec, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to analyze soil microbial communities of three ecologically different locations, about 25 years old, forestry reclaimed dumps in the Republic of Poland, namely dumps of brown coal mine Bełchatów and sand mines Piaseczno and Szczakowa. I evaluated the degree of dependence of structure and composition of these communities on various substrate grain sizes and the influence of the dominant tree species. These were stands of birch (Betula pendula), pine (Pinus silvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). Analysis of soil microbial communities was made by evaluating specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) of microorganisms. It is the most appropriate way to implement the relatively rapid analysis of large numbers of samples, since PLFA are easily extractable and act as biomarkers indicating the presence of a number of different microorganisms (fungi, G- and G + bacteria, Actinobacteria, etc.) and thus allowing a qualitative and quantitative assessment of whole microbial communities. PLFA analysis enables to detect a total concentration of PLFA only in living soil microbial biomass. I analyzed 66 soil samples, 33 from an Oe layer and 33 from an A layer, every in three replications, i.e. three replications were collected at each location below each tree...
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